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220千伏有载调压开关是一种可在空载和带负荷条件下

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无需停电即可调整变压器输出电压的装置

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通过分接头档位转换调节高压绕组匝数

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从而改变负荷侧电压

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由于越靠近中性点电压越低

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该调压开关通过改变中性点匝数

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以及通过范围开关

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选择线圈方向

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加位或者减位

10
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来转换电流方向

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选择增大或者抵消磁场

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使调节倍数增加一倍

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它分为操作系统和执行系统

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操作系统通过电机或手动转动提供动力

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执行机构用于切换绕组匝数

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其中执行机构由选择开关和切换开关组成

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选择开关连接各个调节的不同匝数的绕组

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分别为1-8号抽头

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在三相系统中

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每相又分为两层

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上层为奇数1357抽头

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下层为号偶数2468号抽头和一个范围开关共用抽头

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用于选择需调节的绕组和绕组的方向

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也用于预选需要转换的匝数

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切换开关主要是将选择的匝数

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每个绕组四个共12个触头

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通过步进方式

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让一组或两组接通

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中间经过渡电阻

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顺利切换到预选匝数

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后经中性点线排回到变压器中性点

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接下来让我们演示一下它的操作方法

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假设我们现在为一档

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想降低负载电压

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调节到二档

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由于遵循抵挡绕组少

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高档绕组多

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那么此时范围开关是在加档位置

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而选择开关绕组在 下层1号抽头位置

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我们手动摇动转动或者电机转动

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经竖轴运动

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横轴运动

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带动调压开关的选择开关的主轴运动

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经旋转齿盘

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拨动下端选择开关齿盘主轴运动

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让预选连接上层2号抽头绕组

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同时上端主轴带动切换开关快慢机

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使得触头中间的尾推弹簧机构有节奏的运动

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现在我们面临的情况是1号绕组连接第一个

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触头到达中性点

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预选2号绕组连接在第四个触头上

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我们的目的是从第一个触头改变成第四个触头

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我们首先连接第二个触头

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然后断开第一个触头

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此时电经1号绕组和第二个触头经渡电阻到达中性点

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接通第三个触头

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此时电经1号绕组和2号绕组

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并联经过渡电阻缓冲到达中性点

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断开第二个触头

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此时电经二档绕组和第三个触头及过渡电阻到达中性点

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连接第四个触头

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断开第三个触头

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此时电经2号绕组经第四个触头到达中性点

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这就变压器经有载调压开关

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顺利从一档调节到二档的位置

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需要注意的是

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有载调压开关是不能跳档调节的

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只逐步一档一档调节

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当八档到九档时情况会比较特殊

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9档分为9A、9B和9C共三档

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9B为极性转换的标准档位

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可长期运转

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9A、9C为过渡档位 只可临时运行不可长期运行

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这就顺利的从加档位置

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切换到了减档位置

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从十档开始直至加到十七档的过程

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是从1号绕组到8号绕组中的切换

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完成1到17档的切换

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完成负载的降压过程

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而减档责恰恰相反

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通过手动或电机反转

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来升高负载的电压

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下面为17档切换至1档的运动状态

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以上就是220千伏有载调压开关的构造和工作原理