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@@ -43,278 +43,278 @@
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这就是电磁感应现象
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-00:00:25,374 --> 00:00:28,794
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+00:00:25,074 --> 00:00:28,494
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如果将磁铁换成一组接通直流电的线圈
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-00:00:28,794 --> 00:00:30,214
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+00:00:28,494 --> 00:00:29,214
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根据安培定律
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-00:00:30,214 --> 00:00:33,960
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+00:00:29,214 --> 00:00:32,960
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通电的线圈也会产生一个与磁铁相似的磁场
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-00:00:33,961 --> 00:00:35,981
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+00:00:32,961 --> 00:00:35,481
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若接入的是交流电源
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-00:00:35,981 --> 00:00:38,071
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+00:00:35,481 --> 00:00:37,571
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由于电流方向不断变化
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-00:00:38,071 --> 00:00:40,521
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+00:00:37,571 --> 00:00:40,021
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磁场方向也会周期性反转
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-00:00:40,521 --> 00:00:43,581
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+00:00:40,021 --> 00:00:43,081
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临近的线圈就会被动的切割磁通线
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-00:00:43,581 --> 00:00:45,541
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+00:00:43,081 --> 00:00:44,541
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从而生成感应电流
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-00:00:45,541 --> 00:00:47,774
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+00:00:44,541 --> 00:00:47,274
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实现非接触式能量传递
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-00:00:47,774 --> 00:00:49,161
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+00:00:47,274 --> 00:00:48,661
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即隔空输电
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-00:00:49,161 --> 00:00:52,921
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+00:00:48,661 --> 00:00:51,921
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但因多数磁通线未被利用 传输效率较低
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-00:00:52,921 --> 00:00:57,627
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+00:00:51,921 --> 00:00:56,627
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我们引入一个高磁导率铁芯 并在两端分别缠绕线圈
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-00:00:57,628 --> 00:00:59,728
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+00:00:56,628 --> 00:00:58,728
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铁芯提供低磁阻路径
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-00:00:59,728 --> 00:01:02,418
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+00:00:58,728 --> 00:01:01,418
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使磁场集中在铁芯内部传播
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-00:01:02,418 --> 00:01:04,748
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+00:01:01,418 --> 00:01:03,748
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从而达到集中磁通的效果
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-00:01:04,748 --> 00:01:06,068
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+00:01:03,748 --> 00:01:05,068
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在这种结构中
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-00:01:06,068 --> 00:01:08,768
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+00:01:05,068 --> 00:01:07,768
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连接电源的一侧称为初级线圈
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-00:01:08,768 --> 00:01:11,428
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+00:01:07,768 --> 00:01:10,428
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输出电流的一侧为次级线圈
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-00:01:11,428 --> 00:01:16,268
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+00:01:10,428 --> 00:01:15,268
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根据法拉第电磁感应定律 感应电压与线圈匝数成正比
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-00:01:16,268 --> 00:01:18,698
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+00:01:15,268 --> 00:01:17,698
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此时次级线圈的匝数更多
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-00:01:18,698 --> 00:01:20,878
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+00:01:17,698 --> 00:01:19,878
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那么输出的电压就会升高
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-00:01:20,878 --> 00:01:22,681
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+00:01:19,878 --> 00:01:21,681
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称为升压变压器
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-00:01:22,682 --> 00:01:25,612
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+00:01:21,682 --> 00:01:24,612
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反之如果是初级线圈的匝数更多
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-00:01:25,612 --> 00:01:27,612
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+00:01:24,612 --> 00:01:26,612
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那么输出的电压则变低
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-00:01:27,612 --> 00:01:29,415
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+00:01:26,612 --> 00:01:27,415
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称为降压变压器
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-00:01:29,416 --> 00:01:31,776
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+00:01:28,016 --> 00:01:30,276
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这就是变压器的基本原理
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-00:01:31,776 --> 00:01:36,456
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+00:01:30,276 --> 00:01:34,456
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根据结构形式不同 变压器可分为芯式和壳式两类
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-00:01:36,456 --> 00:01:39,556
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+00:01:34,456 --> 00:01:37,556
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我们所展示的是一台壳式降压变压器
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-00:01:39,556 --> 00:01:41,166
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+00:01:37,556 --> 00:01:39,166
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其结构较为特殊
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-00:01:41,166 --> 00:01:43,336
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+00:01:39,166 --> 00:01:41,336
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具备500kV的高压输入
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-00:01:43,336 --> 00:01:44,636
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+00:01:41,336 --> 00:01:42,636
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以及两个输出
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-00:01:44,636 --> 00:01:48,396
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+00:01:42,636 --> 00:01:45,896
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分别为220kV的中压主输出和10kV
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-00:01:48,396 --> 00:01:51,096
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+00:01:45,896 --> 00:01:48,596
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或35kV的辅助低压输出
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-00:01:51,096 --> 00:01:51,776
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+00:01:48,596 --> 00:01:49,276
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其中
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-00:01:51,776 --> 00:01:54,916
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+00:01:49,276 --> 00:01:52,916
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高压绕组与中压绕组共用部分线圈
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-00:01:54,916 --> 00:01:56,666
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+00:01:52,916 --> 00:01:54,666
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利用自耦降压技术
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-00:01:56,666 --> 00:02:00,016
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+00:01:54,666 --> 00:01:57,016
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通过改变中压侧抽头匝数实现主降压
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-00:02:00,016 --> 00:02:04,296
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+00:01:57,016 --> 00:02:02,296
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低压绕组则为单独的线圈 在共用铁芯的最里端
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-00:02:04,296 --> 00:02:05,776
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+00:02:02,296 --> 00:02:03,776
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在线圈绕制前
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-00:02:05,776 --> 00:02:08,386
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+00:02:03,776 --> 00:02:05,886
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需先对铁芯包裹一层绝缘片
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-00:02:08,386 --> 00:02:09,836
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+00:02:05,886 --> 00:02:07,336
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并套上绝缘筒
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-00:02:09,836 --> 00:02:12,856
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+00:02:07,336 --> 00:02:10,356
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以防止低压线圈与铁芯直接接触
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-00:02:12,856 --> 00:02:17,522
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+00:02:10,356 --> 00:02:14,922
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随后 依次绕上内层的低压线圈与外层的高中压线圈
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-00:02:17,522 --> 00:02:22,216
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+00:02:14,922 --> 00:02:19,716
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所有绕组均采用高导电率的铜制成 横截面为矩形
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-00:02:22,216 --> 00:02:25,156
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+00:02:19,716 --> 00:02:22,656
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矩形相比圆形的排布更加紧凑
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-00:02:25,156 --> 00:02:27,226
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+00:02:22,656 --> 00:02:24,726
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拥有更好的空间利用率
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-00:02:27,226 --> 00:02:30,042
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+00:02:24,726 --> 00:02:27,542
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同时有利于增加线径以降低电阻
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-00:02:30,042 --> 00:02:31,562
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+00:02:27,542 --> 00:02:28,962
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提高散热效率
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-00:02:31,563 --> 00:02:33,573
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+00:02:28,963 --> 00:02:31,073
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铜导线外包覆绝缘纸
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-00:02:33,573 --> 00:02:36,593
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+00:02:31,073 --> 00:02:33,993
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这种材料耐高温、绝缘性强且不易老化
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-00:02:37,150 --> 00:02:38,810
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+00:02:33,650 --> 00:02:35,310
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在这个三相系统中
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-00:02:38,810 --> 00:02:40,900
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+00:02:35,310 --> 00:02:37,400
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电流按顺序流通绕组
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-00:02:40,900 --> 00:02:45,203
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+00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:41,703
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每个绕组的电压波与其他电压波的相位相差120度
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-00:02:45,203 --> 00:02:48,910
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+00:02:41,703 --> 00:02:45,410
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他们接力输出从而产生连续稳定的电流
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-00:02:48,910 --> 00:02:53,310
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+00:02:45,410 --> 00:02:50,310
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在外层的高压、中压共用绕组上还会延伸出多个抽头
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-00:02:53,310 --> 00:02:55,460
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+00:02:50,310 --> 00:02:52,960
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其全部连接有载分接开关
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-00:02:56,017 --> 00:02:59,717
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+00:02:52,977 --> 00:02:54,717
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旁边的电机驱动装置可通过改变匝数的方式
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-00:02:59,717 --> 00:03:01,127
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+00:02:54,717 --> 00:02:57,127
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来调节输出的电压
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-00:03:01,684 --> 00:03:04,550
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+00:02:57,184 --> 00:02:59,950
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所有组件安装于密封油箱内部
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-00:03:04,550 --> 00:03:07,900
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+00:02:59,950 --> 00:03:03,900
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油箱顶部设有五个引出电流的绝缘套管
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-00:03:07,900 --> 00:03:11,680
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+00:03:03,900 --> 00:03:08,240
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分别为高压、中压、高压中性点及两个低压套管
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-00:03:12,244 --> 00:03:16,844
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+00:03:08,244 --> 00:03:12,844
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这些套管是绝缘结构 防止高压击穿油箱壳体
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-00:03:16,844 --> 00:03:19,264
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+00:03:12,844 --> 00:03:15,264
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油箱内部填充绝缘矿物油
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-00:03:19,264 --> 00:03:21,854
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+00:03:15,264 --> 00:03:17,854
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具备良好绝缘性和热稳定性
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-00:03:21,854 --> 00:03:23,584
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+00:03:17,854 --> 00:03:19,584
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可有效冷却内部绕组
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-00:03:24,151 --> 00:03:26,561
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+00:03:19,651 --> 00:03:22,561
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在油箱上方还设置了油枕
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-00:03:26,561 --> 00:03:28,581
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+00:03:22,561 --> 00:03:24,581
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用于储存备用绝缘油
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-00:03:28,581 --> 00:03:30,631
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+00:03:24,581 --> 00:03:26,631
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同时它还可以过滤湿气
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-00:03:30,631 --> 00:03:32,297
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+00:03:25,631 --> 00:03:27,297
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保证油质的纯度
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